Professor Mason is heating up a metal disc to show that the radius of the disk will expand, allowing a steel ball, which previously would not fit through the gap, to fit through. This shows thermal expansion.
This is a visual representation of the atoms in the metal and their bonds. After heat is applied the bonds expand.
Another picture illustrating the expansion of the metal with heat energy.
A visual representation of linear thermal expansion. It relies on the initial length, material (specific heat), and the initial temperature.
In the picture above, Professor Mason is heating a metal rod composed of a different element on each side. One side is brass and the other is invar. Since brass is more malleable than invar we can see that even when the invar side is heated brass is the material that is effected.
Another picture of Professor Mason heating the metal rod. This time the brass side was heated, and just as above the rod bends toward the invar.
The picture above shows Professor Mason holding the metal rod after submerging it in ice. Since the brass is more malleable we can see that the rod bends toward the brass side, since brass will shrink before invar.
The above picture shows are thoughts on which direction the rod would bend. We assumed correctly since the rod always bent toward the invar, except when it was cooled.
This picture is of the steel rod, prior to the addition of heat. On the right there is a tool which measures the expansion of the rod and to the left there is a tool that introduces hot steam to the rod, causing it to expand.
A closer look at the tool which introduces heat to the metal rod.
The above two pictures are the graphs representing the change in temperature over time on the rod and the angle at which the rod had expanded.
This is our work to attain the alpha of the steel rod from our experiment where steam was introduced to a rod.
This is the graph of the experiment involving ice water and a heater. A sensor was placed in the water and a student stirred the water, increasing the speed at which the temperature changed. Contrary to what we see in our books, the temperature and phase changes take place at a gradual rate, rather than a slant and flat step we have see in the books.
This is what we expected the graph to look like of the ice melting in the cup. We assumed it would follow a rigid path, just like we see in most textbooks. In the end we were wrong because the change was more gradual.
This picture shows our board after the stirring of the water experiment. Much of the water was lost so we would call that catastrophic error. This picture also shows our work to find the heat of fusion of water in this experiment.
This is our work showing the final temperature of a system where 215 kJ of heat energy are added to a 790 g black of ice at -5 degrees celsius. We checked the energy of the ice going to 0 degrees celsius and the phase change from ice to liquid. There isn't enough energy to completely change so some of the ice remains, meaning the final temp is 0 degrees celsius.
This was our calculation to determine how much water needed to be added to a vessel containing ice at -12 degrees celsius so that all of the water would freeze and the final temp would be 0 degrees celsius. Unfortunately we placed the wrong variable (mass of the ice) in the phase change portion of our equation, since water was undergoing the phase change we should have multiplied that mass by the heat of fusion constant.
The video above shows Daniel blowing into the manometer causing one side of the water to rise while the side close to him descends. This video also confirms what we all expected, Daniel is in fact dumb.
This is our calculation for the pressure which Daniel introduced into our manometer system.
The above picture shows our work for the uncertainty propagation for the coefficient of linear expansion for steel. Our answer was within reason since our uncertainty for alpha was 0.95 x 10^-5 1/C. In the end our final answer was 1.9 x 10^-5 + 0.95 x 10^-5 1/C, well within range of the actual coefficient of linear expansion of steel, which is 1.2 x 10^-5 1/C.
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